How to Use a PASS Fire Extinguisher: Step-by-Step Instructions

Introduction

Fires are unpredictable and can be potentially devastating. In fact, local fire departments responded to an estimated 1.39 million fire cases in the United States. However, their impact can be minimized with the right knowledge and equipment. One pivotal tool in fire safety is the fire extinguisher. But having a fire extinguisher is only half the battle. You must know the correct method to handle it to maximize its effectiveness. The PASS fire extinguisher technique is an effective and simple way to achieve this. Let’s explore the step-by-step guide on how to employ the PASS method and act swiftly in emergencies!

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What are the Different Types of Fire?

Fires are classified into different categories based on the type of fuel involved. Being aware of these classifications will help you choose the appropriate method for extinguishing fires.

Class A Fires

Class A fires involve materials like wood, paper, and cloth. For example, a fire in an office caused by a paper-filled trash bin or wooden furniture would fall under this category. Water or foam extinguishers effectively cool and smother these fires.

Class B Fires

Class B fires involve flammable liquids such as oil, grease, or gasoline. For instance, a kitchen fire caused by spilled oil igniting on a stove is a Class B fire. Foam, chemical, or carbon dioxide extinguishers are used to cut off oxygen and extinguish these fires.

Class C Fires

Class C fires are caused by electrical equipment like faulty wiring or overloaded circuits. For example, a short circuit sparks a fire in an appliance. Water should not be used to avoid electrocution; instead, dry chemical or carbon dioxide extinguishers are safe options.

Class D Fires

Class D fires involve metals like magnesium, titanium, or sodium. For example, a laboratory mishap ignited magnesium shavings. These fires require dry powder extinguishers specifically designed to absorb heat and control burning metals.

Class K Fires

Class K fires involve cooking oils or fats, which are common in commercial kitchens. For example, deep fryer oil overheats and catches fire. Wet chemical extinguishers are used to cool the oil and create a barrier, preventing re-ignition.

Checks Before Using a Fire Extinguisher

In a fire emergency, smart actions are critical. These include situation assessment and fire extinguisher inspection. Performing rapid checks can prevent a minor fire incident from escalating into a major catastrophe. Below are the key components of a pre-use checklist.

Situation Assessment

Before using a fire extinguisher, evaluate the situation at hand. A misstep could worsen the scenario and compromise the safety of everyone on the scene. First of all, you need to assess the size of the fire. Fire extinguishers are designed to tackle small, contained fires in their early stages. If the fire has spread extensively or is spreading rapidly, the most effective action is to evacuate. Additionally, you will have to ensure that fire or smoke does not obstruct your escape route. If the fire intensifies, you need to choose a safer exit path.

Operating a fire extinguisher requires a certain level of physical strength and endurance. Be sure that you, or another individual present at the scene, can handle it effectively.

Fire Extinguisher Inspection

After assessing the situation, determine whether it is safe and appropriate to use the available fire extinguisher. You first need to verify whether the extinguisher is suitable for the type of fire you are dealing with. If you are unsure, refer to the label on the equipment. Inspect the fire extinguisher for any visible signs of damage, such as dents, rust, or broken handles. If any damage is present, avoid using the extinguisher.

If the extinguisher has a pressure gauge, the needle should be in the green zone. If it is in the red area, the tool may be over-pressurized, indicating the potential for a burst or under-pressurized, which could lead to ineffective discharge.

What is the PASS Fire Extinguisher Method?

The PASS strategy is a fundamental framework for deploying fire extinguishers effectively to prevent fire situations from escalating. The PASS for fire extinguishers stands for Pull, Aim, Squeeze, and Sweep. Each element ensures the extinguisher is safe and used to its full potential.

The PASS method is widely known for its simplicity and efficiency. Breaking down the steps provides a clear and systematic approach to fire suppression. The method emphasizes targeting the base of the fire. 

How Does The PASS Fire Extinguisher Technique Work?

Below are the step-by-step instructions for using the PASS technique:

Step 1: Pull the Pin

The first step in the PASS technique is to pull the pin. The pin acts as a safety mechanism to prevent accidental discharge. It is located at the top of the extinguisher, near the handle. Without pulling the pin, you cannot squeeze the lever to release the extinguishing agent. You will have to locate the pin, which is usually held in position by a tamper seal.  Then, grasp the pin firmly and pull it out to break the seal. This action unlocks the lever, allowing you to discharge the extinguisher.

Step 2: Aim Low

After removing the pin, the next step is to aim the nozzle. Proper aiming ensures the fire extinguisher's effectiveness. To extinguish the fire, focus on eliminating the source of the fuel. You should aim low and point the nozzle or hose of the extinguisher at the base of the fire, not directly at the flames. 

Aiming at the base targets the fuel source, which helps extinguish the fire. Maintain a safe distance, typically about 6 to 8 feet from the fire. Before positioning yourself, ensure a clear exit route behind you.

Step 3: Squeeze the Lever

With the pin removed and the nozzle aimed properly, you are now ready to discharge the fire extinguisher. A continuous and controlled release of the lever increases the chances of preventing the fire from spreading. You should always use your dominant hand to squeeze the lever to release the extinguishing agent firmly. Moreover, maintain steady pressure on the lever while aiming at the base of the fire. Avoid short bursts; instead, apply a continuous stream.

Step 4: Sweep From Side to Side

The final step in the PASS fire extinguisher technique is to sweep the nozzle from side to side. This ensures the extinguishing agent covers the entire area of the fire and helps prevent re-ignition. You should move the nozzle or hose in a sweeping motion from side to side. Begin at the base and work your way forward if necessary. Ensure the entire base of the fire is covered, even if the flames appear to be fading. Continue the motion until you are certain the fire is completely extinguished.

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What To Do After Using a Fire Extinguisher?

Once you have implemented the PASS fire extinguisher technique, you must take the right steps to ensure safety and prepare for future emergencies. This includes contacting emergency services, evacuating if needed, and maintaining the extinguisher properly. Below are a few things you should consider: 

Call Emergency Services

Promptly alert emergency services at the first sign of a fire, regardless of its size or severity. Professionals can evaluate the situation and confirm that the fire is fully extinguished. This quick action can minimize the risks to you and your surroundings. 

Evacuate Immediately

If the fire persists after using the fire extinguisher, evacuate immediately. Lingering smoke and fumes, even after flames fade, pose significant risks. Proceed to a predetermined safe location, ensuring everyone is accounted for.

Maintenance of Fire Extinguishers

Proper upkeep of your fire extinguisher after use guarantees functionality and extends its service life. Perform routine visual inspections and schedule professional evaluations to address potential issues before they affect performance.

Importance of Fire Extinguisher Training

Every workplace or residential facility is required to have fire extinguishers by local codes. However, it is equally mandatory to implement fire extinguisher training to ensure proper usage. Below are some reasons to enroll in fire safety training:

Reduce Property Damage

Fire can cause significant property damage at workplaces or homes, leading to financial loss and disruptions. Fire extinguisher training enables quick responses to minor fires, helping prevent them from spreading and reducing potential property loss.

Compliance with Regulations

Several workplaces have legislation in place, especially OSHA. It mandates that businesses organize fire safety training for their employees. A comprehensive program ensures that your company remains in compliance with these rules, avoiding penalties or legal consequences.

Promotion of Safety Culture

Fire extinguisher PASS training is more than just ticking off a safety checklist. It shows a commitment to safety and fosters a culture of proactive safety. This empowers you and your community to prevent and effectively respond to emergencies.

Confidence and Preparedness

Receiving fire extinguisher training boosts your confidence and equips you to manage fire emergencies effectively. Knowing how to use a fire extinguisher properly reduces panic and enables prompt, appropriate responses, leading to better crisis outcomes.

Stay Prepared For Fires With PASS Extinguisher Technique!

Fires can occur anytime and anywhere, posing significant risks to life and property. Fire departments respond to a fire every 23 seconds. Even when you are in a workplace or residential setting, understanding the types of fires and proper fire extinguishers can mitigate potentially catastrophic situations. Follow the steps of the PASS fire extinguisher method and respond confidently to fire incidents. Moreover, always prioritize regular maintenance and continuous training so that you and those around you are prepared to handle fire emergencies safely and efficiently!

References

1. Safe Operating of Fire Extinguishers - Fire and Rescue NSW

2. How To Use A Fire Extinguisher – the PASS Method

3. P.A.S.S. Fire Extinguisher | How to Use a Fire Extinguisher

4. How To Use a Fire Extinguisher

5. PASS: How to Use a Fire Extinguisher | City Fire Protection

6. How to Use Fire Extinguisher - Step by Step Guide

7. FREE PASS fire extinguisher download - SafetyBanners.org

8. What Are the Four Steps of the PASS Fire Extinguisher Technique? - State Systems