Introduction

Electrical hazards are among the most dangerous risks in any workplace. Even a single mistake with faulty wires or overloaded circuits can lead to severe injuries or fatalities. Professionals working directly with electricity, such as electricians and engineers, face these dangers daily. However, even office workers may encounter hidden risks from everyday electrical equipment. Therefore, employers must take safety action by having a written health and safety program that educates employees about possible electrical risks. For employees, being aware of these risks shows professionalism and care for their surroundings. Read on to understand common electrical hazards, what causes electrical fires, and practical steps to prevent accidents.

What are Electrical Hazards?

Electricity is a powerful tool that drives industries. However, when mishandled or overlooked, it can pose serious risks. Electrical hazards can occur in the form of shocks, electrocution, burns, arc flash, or even fatalities. In some extreme cases, they can even lead to fires or explosions, which can pose a threat to life, property, and the overall safety of a workplace and its occupants. 

About 9% of all deaths in construction are caused by electrical contact. Thus, electrical hazards are the fourth leading cause of death in the industry. Most of these incidents are caused by direct contact of the worker with overhead power lines. At times, direct contact with machines, tools, and hand-carried metallic objects also results in severe electric hazards. 

Different Types of Electric Hazards in the Workplace

Electricity makes our lives easier, but it can be extremely dangerous if not handled correctly. From electric shocks to fires, workplace electrical hazards can cause injuries, property damage, and even fatalities. Below are five key electrical hazards employees can encounter in the workplace:

Electrical Shock

An electrical shock occurs when an electrical current passes through your body, which can happen if you come into contact with live wires, damaged equipment, or improperly grounded systems. Even a minor shock can cause injuries, while higher currents may lead to severe consequences, including burns or cardiac arrest. For example, using a tool with a damaged cord near an energized outlet could result in a direct shock.

Electrical Burns

Electrical burns happen when electricity travels through your body, generating heat and damaging tissues along the way. These burns can cause serious injuries, often more severe internally than what appears on the skin. Accidents involving high-voltage equipment or improper handling of live wires are common causes of such injuries.

Electrical Fires

Electrical fires can result from overloaded circuits, faulty wiring, or misuse of electrical devices. These fires damage property and endanger lives. For example, plugging too many devices into a single power source or continuing to use a frayed extension cord can lead to overheating and spark a fire.

Arc Flash

An arc flash is a sudden, violent burst of electrical energy, like an explosion. It happens when electricity jumps through the air between conductors. The intense heat can cause severe burns, and the blast can send metal shrapnel flying. The noise is deafening, and it can seriously hurt anyone nearby in seconds.

Thermal Burns

Electrical equipment can overheat if it malfunctions or is overloaded. When this happens, the surface can become dangerously hot. Touching it, even accidentally, can result in thermal burns. These burns can be painful and damage the skin, leaving lasting injuries. It’s easy to overlook until it’s too late.

What Are the Common Causes of Electrical Hazards?

Electrical hazards don’t happen randomly. They often result from specific situations or mistakes that could be avoided with proper care. The following are some of the most frequent reasons electrical accidents occur and the ways to avoid them:

Faulty or Damaged Equipment

Damaged cords, exposed wires, or malfunctioning devices can easily cause shocks, fires, or other accidents. For example, a frayed cable on a power tool could expose live wires, putting anyone who handles it at risk of injury. Faulty circuit breakers or worn-out outlets can also fail to control the flow of electricity properly, which increases the chances of overheating or sparking.

Prevention: To avoid such risks, inspect equipment before using it. Look for visible signs of wear and tear, such as cracked insulation or broken plugs. If you notice any issues, don’t use the equipment until it’s repaired or replaced.

Overloaded Circuits and Improper Wiring

Overloaded circuits are one of the main factors in electrical fires in homes and workplaces. This happens when too many devices draw power from the same outlet or circuit, which can cause overheating and even fires. Improper wiring, such as loose connections or incorrect installations, can lead to electrical faults that create hazards. 

Prevention: To prevent these problems, use electrical systems within their designed limits. Distribute the load across multiple circuits rather than plugging everything into one outlet. Use surge protectors when necessary and avoid daisy-chaining extension cords. If you're unsure, consult an electrician to verify the safety of your setup.

Lack of Maintenance

Electrical systems require regular upkeep to remain safe and functional. Without maintenance, wires can degrade, connections can loosen, and protective devices like breakers may fail. For example, an uninspected breaker box might not trip when there’s a power surge, increasing the risk of a fire or equipment damage.

Prevention: To address this issue, establish a regular schedule for inspecting and maintaining electrical systems in your workplace. Qualified personnel should handle these tasks and replace worn components. Tightening connections and testing safety devices can also significantly reduce risks.

Wet or Damp Conditions

Wet or damp environments can create a direct path for electricity to flow, increasing the risk of shocks and short circuits. For example, using an electrical tool in a damp area without proper protection can result in a sudden shock or equipment failure. Even small spills near electrical outlets or cords can create a hazard.

Prevention: To work safely in these conditions, avoid using electrical devices in wet areas unless they are specifically designed for it. Use Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) in places prone to moisture, like kitchens, bathrooms, or outdoor workspaces. Keep cords and plugs away from water sources, and wipe up spills immediately.

Who is At The Most Risk of Electrical Hazards?

Electrical hazards can arise in various work environments, from industrial sites to office spaces. Due to the nature of the work or the equipment involved, certain areas and tasks carry a higher risk of electrical accidents. Below are some of the most common environments and situations where electrical risks are most prominent and how to manage them effectively.

Construction Sites

Construction sites are one of the most common places where electrical hazards can occur. With heavy machinery, power tools, temporary wiring, and exposed live wires, there’s a lot of potential for electrical accidents. For example, workers might accidentally cut or damage electrical cables while operating saws or drills, or they may come into contact with overhead power lines while using cranes or ladders.

Prevention: To reduce the risks on construction sites, always follow proper safety protocols. Ensure all equipment is well-maintained and inspect tools before use. Workers should wear personal protective equipment (PPE), such as insulated gloves and boots, and use tools with insulated handles. Additionally, keep all work areas well-lit to avoid accidental contact with exposed wires or outlets.

Read More: All About Group Training Programs for Construction Workers

Manufacturing Environments

Electrical hazards are often linked to the machinery used on the production floor in manufacturing facilities. Many machines run on high-voltage systems that, if not properly maintained, can cause fires or shocks. For instance, a malfunctioning motor or a worn-out power cord could cause an electrical short. A worker can also accidentally come into contact with a live component while maintaining machinery.

Prevention: To protect yourself in a manufacturing environment, always follow lockout/tagout (LOTO) procedures when servicing equipment. Workers should be trained to handle electrical devices safely and wear appropriate PPE to protect against burns or shocks.

Read more: Lockout/Tagout Training, Requirements and Benefits

Office and IT Workspaces

Though not as hazardous as industrial settings, offices and IT workspaces still present electrical risks. Overloaded power strips, exposed cables, and improperly maintained electrical outlets can all lead to accidents. For instance, daisy-chaining multiple extension cords or using old, frayed cables can increase the chance of electrical shorts or fires.

Prevention: To prevent these risks, make sure all electrical equipment is properly installed and maintained. Avoid overloading power outlets or power strips, and ensure cords are in good condition before use. Keep cables neatly organized and out of walkways to prevent tripping or accidental damage.

Confined Spaces

Confined spaces such as tanks, ducts, or manholes carry unique electrical risks because they are often poorly lit and lack proper ventilation. In these environments, workers might not be able to escape easily in the event of an electrical accident. If electrical equipment or wiring is used in these spaces, the risk of sparks or shocks also increases.

Prevention: When working in confined spaces, always de-energize any electrical systems before entering. Use tools designed for confined spaces, which are less likely to cause electrical arcs or sparks. Workers should also wear appropriate PPE and use safety harnesses if necessary to avoid injury.

Read More: What Is the Purpose Of NFPA 70E?

Emergency Response to Electrical Accidents

Electrical accidents can happen without warning, but how you act in those first moments can make a big difference in reducing injury and preventing further damage. Here's how to respond effectively if an electrical accident occurs.

Step 1: Shut Off Power

The first action in any electrical emergency is to cut off the power. If it’s safe to do so, turn off the circuit breaker or unplug the equipment involved. This stops the electrical flow and prevents further risks, like additional shocks or fires. 

If you can’t access the power switch, use a non-conductive object like a broom handle to separate the person from the source of electricity. Always remember that touching someone still in contact with electricity could cause you to be shocked as well. If you can’t turn off the power immediately, call emergency services and let them handle it.

Step 2: Call for Help

Once the power is off, call for medical help right away, especially if the person is unconscious, struggling to breathe, or showing signs of severe burns or injury. Even if the person appears fine, it’s still a good idea to have them checked by a medical professional, as electrical injuries can cause hidden damage.

When calling for help, give clear and detailed information:

• Describe what happened

• State where it happened

• Provide details about the person's condition

• Mention the type of electrical equipment involved

This information will assist emergency responders in arriving well-prepared to handle the situation.

Step 3: Perform First Aid (If Safe)

If it’s safe to do so, and the person is no longer in contact with the electrical source, begin first aid. If the person is unconscious or unresponsive, start CPR if you're trained to do so. For burns, run cool (not cold) water over the affected area to ease pain and prevent further damage. Never apply ice or ointments to electrical burns. 

If the person is conscious, help them stay calm and still while waiting for medical assistance. Look for signs of shock, such as a pale complexion, rapid breathing, or weakness. If shock is present, have the person lie down with their feet elevated and keep them warm until help arrives.

Step 4: Treat Burns or Shock

For burns caused by electricity, cool the area with water, but avoid using ice or anything cold directly on the burn. If clothing is stuck to the burn, do not try to remove it, let medical professionals handle it. For shock, if the person is breathing, lay them down and elevate their legs to improve circulation. Keep them warm and calm.

Step 5: Prevent Future Accidents

Once the emergency is over, investigate what caused the accident and address any safety concerns. Report the incident to your supervisor and participate in any necessary follow-up procedures to prevent similar accidents.

Having workplace safety training, like an OSHA course, can provide more in-depth knowledge and guide you on how to handle these situations properly, making sure everyone knows how to respond effectively and safely. During training, the instructor will quiz you on “which of the following are electrical hazards?” helping you spot potential dangers.

Read More: 5 Simple Ways to Prepare for OSHA 10 Construction as a New Worker

Staying Safe from Electrical Hazards!

Electrical hazards exist in nearly every workplace, but workers can greatly reduce accidents by understanding how to identify and manage risks. The workplace becomes safer when teams take proactive steps. Being prepared for emergencies can make a difference in preventing injuries. Investing time in safety training, such as an OSHA course, gives you the tools and knowledge to handle electrical hazards confidently.

References:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19064047/